Quiz 2 Art Appreciation

1. An example of three-dimensional art is _________________________. A) drawingB) paintingC) all of theseD) sculpture Points Earned: | 1. 0/1. 0 | | Correct Answer(s): | D | 2. The first work of art purchased through the Art in Public Places program was ________________________. A) a sculpture by MichelangeloB) a painting by Marcel DuchampC) a sculpture by Alexander CalderD) a painting by Vincent van Gogh Points Earned: | 1. 0/1. 0 | | Correct Answer(s): | C | 3.Contour lines ______________________. A) cause an emotional response in the viewerB) are a function of line of sightC) define the edges of an objectD) all of these Points Earned: | 1. 0/1. 0 | | Correct Answer(s): | C | 4. Cruci-Fiction Project by Guillermo Gomez-Pena and Roberto Sifuentes waas ________________. A) a work of political artB) all of theseC) a work of performance artD) a work of public art Points Earned: | 0. 0/1. 0 | | Correct Answer(s): | B | 5.A modern artist who chose to intentionally violate the rules of pe rspective to draw attention to elements of his composition was _____________________. A) Leonardo da VinciB) Vincent van GoghC) Henri MatisseD) Claude Monet Points Earned: | 1. 0/1. 0 | | Correct Answer(s): | C | 6. Paintings, drawings, and photographs are _______________________. A) two-dimensional works of artB) made with oil paintC) three-dimensional works of artD) the only kinds of art discussed in your textbook Points Earned: | 1. 0/1. 0 | |Correct Answer(s): | A | 7. Vanishing points and converging lines are related to ______________________. A) linear perspectiveB) three-dimensional artC) contour drawingsD) foreshortening Points Earned: | 0. 0/1. 0 | | Correct Answer(s): | A | 8. Marcel Duchamp's controversial painting, Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2, was influenced by ______________________. A) water in motionB) shingles on a roofC) a posed female nudeD) stop-motion photography Points Earned: | 1. 0/1. 0 | | Correct Answer(s): | D | . One of the tricks artists use to mak e a flat work of art look like it is not flat is ________________________. A) foreshorteningB) all of theseC) linear perspectiveD) overlapping Points Earned: | 0. 0/1. 0 | | Correct Answer(s): | B | 10. Vincent van Gogh's painting, The Starry Night _______________________________. A) sets a parallel between the church and natureB) expresses the infinity of natureC) uses expressive lineD) all of these Points Earned: | 1. 0/1. 0 | | Correct Answer(s): | D |

Education and Richard Wright

During last week, I read 2 excerpts from Richard Wright and Malcolm X’ autobiographical writing. The interesting part is the authors both got self- educated by reading books while they were in tough situations because of racism. Although the way they accessed to education was different, they had a strong feeling that word could lift them up, and fight for their people after reading books. Ralph Ellison once said â€Å"If the word has the potency to revive and make us free, it has also the power to blind, imprison, and destroy. The similar quote is also right from Bel Kaufman, he said â€Å"Education is not a product: mark, diploma, job, money in that order; it is a process, a never ending one. † Words are the symbol human beings use to express what they want to say. It can be used in speaking and writing. Using words are the only thing people can do in order to communicate. Therefore when it comes to those who don’t have chance to learn in school, words will open the new whole world to them. That makes people escape from their ignorance, and enter to the world of education. Moreover, if people can use words fluently, it will be effective. Words do not have any physical power to kill, but mental power which can last in a long period of time. The quote of Ralph Elision is right, and it can apply in Richard Wright and Malcolm X’ situation. The criticism of people to Mencken makes Richard Wright curious, and brings him to books. The desire in writing letters, and the competition with his inmates bring Malcolm X to prison’s library to get dictionary and book. They both are brought to the new world, and find out their true feelings in reading books. With Richard, he thinks words can use as weapon to fight against unequal events in the world, reveal the truth of history, especially racism. On the other hand, Malcolm X tries to learn as many words as he can in order to fully understand the book, and gain more knowledge, which can help him gain respect of people around him. In the other quote, human come to education is not only for making money, it also helps people get the ideas how things work. Knowledge itself is the most important thing to make people realize the value of things, not just for making profit. Furthermore, knowledge is like the endless ocean, once people get into it, a lot of new things open to them. Thus, with Richard Wright and Malcolm X, whom dropped out of school, education is not a process to make money; it is the one that helps them understand what they lack of. As a writer, Richard Wright would think a lot about what needs to write. His mind would never end thinking to make more ideas, and give all he had into his books. Malcolm X was the same, he spent almost 15 hours per day to read, even though he was pretty successful at the time. Those two quotes are great philosophies. I learn a lot more from the quotes and through Richard Wright and Malcolm X’ self- educations. That’s good for me when I read them, and my mind opens wider.

Was Leonardo Da Vinci a Vegetarian

Increasingly, one sees Leonardo da Vincis name trotted out during vegetarian vs. omnivore debates. Da Vinci has even been claimed by vegans as one of their own. But why? Why do we suppose we know the dietary habits of an inventor and painter  who lived five centuries ago? The Quote Most Often Used Truly man is the king of beasts, for his brutality exceeds them. We live by the death of others. We are burial places! I have since an early age abjured the use of meat, and the time will come when men will look upon the murder of animals as they look upon the murder of man. This, or some variation of it, is frequently used as proof that Da Vinci was a vegetarian. The problem is that Leonardo Da Vinci never said these words. An author named Dmitry Sergeyevich Merezhkovsky (Russian, 1865-1941) wrote them for a work of historical fiction titled The Romance of Leonardo da Vinci. In point of fact, Merezhkovsky didnt even write the words for Leonardo, he put them in the fictitious diary of the real apprentice Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio (ca. 1466-1516) as a quote from Da Vinci. The only thing this quote proves is that Merezhkovsky had heard of vegetarianism. It is not a valid argument for Da Vinci having been meat-free. The Quote From a Primary Source Next up, we have one written reference to Da Vincis diet. For a bit of background, the writer was Italian explorer Andrea Corsali (1487-?), the gent who identified New Guinea, hypothesized on the existence of Australia, and was the first European to sketch the Southern Cross. Corsali worked for the Florentine Giuliano di Lorenzo de Medici, one of three sons born to Lorenzo the Magnificent. The Medici dynasty hadnt become fabulously wealthy by ignoring new trade routes, so Giuliano financed Corsalis voyage on a Portuguese ship. In a long letter to his patron (almost wholly filled with more important information), Corsali made an off-hand reference to Leonardo while describing followers of Hinduism: Alcuni gentili chiamati Guzzarati non si cibano dicosa alcuna che tenga sangue, ne fra essi loro consentono che si noccia adalcuna cosa animata, come it nostro Leonardo da Vinci. In English: Certain infidels called Guzzarati are so gentle that they do not feed on anything which has blood, nor will they allow anyone to hurt any living thing, like our Leonardo da Vinci. Did Corsali mean that Leonardo didnt eat meat, didnt allow harm to living creatures, or both? We dont know conclusively, because the artist, the explorer, and the banker werent companions. Giuliano deMedici (1479-1516) was Leonardos patron for three years, from 1513 to the formers early death. It is unclear how well he and Leonardo knew each other. Not only did Giuliano view the artist as an employee (unlike Leonardos former patron, Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan), the two men were of different generations. As for Corsali, he appears to have known Leonardo through mutual Florentine connections. Though they were contemporaries, between the artists time outside of Florence and the explorers time outside of Italy, they did not have the opportunity to become close friends. Corsali may have been referencing Leonardos habits through hearsay. Not that we will ever know. No one can say when or where Corsali died and Giuliano made no comment on the letter, seeing that he himself was dead by the time it was delivered. What Have Leonardos Biographers Said? Close to 70 separate authors have written biographies about Leonardo da Vinci. Of these, only two have mentioned his alleged vegetarianism. Serge Bramly (b. 1949) wrote Leonardo loved animals so much, it seems, that he turned vegetarian in Leonardo: Discovering the Life of Leonardo da Vinci, and Alessandro Vezzosi (b. 1950) referred to the artist as a vegetarian in Leonardo da Vinci. Three other biographers cite the Corsali letter: Eugà ¨ne Mà ¼ntz (1845-1902) in Leonardo da Vinci: Artist, Thinker, and Man of Science, Edward McCurdy in The Mind of Leonardo da Vinci, and Jean Paul Richter in The Literary Works of Leonardo da Vinci. If we use a deliberately low estimate of 60 biographies, then 8.33 percent of the authors spoke of Leonardo and vegetarianism. Take away the three writers who cited the Corsali letter, and we have a total of  3.34 percent (two biographers) who speak for themselves in saying that Leonardo was a vegetarian. What Did Leonardo Say? Lets start with what Leonardo didnt say. At no point did he write, and no source has ever quoted him saying, I do not eat meat. Unfortunately, Leonardo da Vinci — a man overflowing with talk of ideas and observations — hardly said anything personal about himself. On the matter of his diet, we can only glean a few inferences from his notebooks. There are a number of sentences and paragraphs in the Codex Atlanticus in which Leonardo seems to decry the evils of eating meat, drinking milk, or even harvesting honey from a comb. Here are a few examples: Leonardo da Vinci on bees And many others will be deprived of their store and their food, and will be cruelly submerged and drowned by folks devoid of reason. Oh Justice of God! Why dost thou not wake and behold thy creatures thus ill-used? Da Vinci on sheep, cows, goats, etc. Endless multitudes of these will have their little children taken from them ripped open and flayed and most barbarously quartered. That sounds terrible, doesnt it? Now consider the following: Many offspring shall be snatched by cruel thrashing from the very arms of their mothers, and flung on the ground, and crushed. Seemingly, we just jumped from terrible to horrific — until we are informed that the last quote was about nuts and olives. You see, Leonardos Prophecies werent prophecies in the sense of Nostradamus or the Prophet Isaiah. They were the equivalent of an intellectual parlor game, in which two men matched wits. The object of the game was to describe the most ordinary, everyday events in such a way that they sounded like an impending Apocalypse. Does that mean Leonardo was for or against eating meat? It depends on ones opinion. These passages seem inconclusive, but you may feel differently. Da Vinci invalidated the life is sacred argument by designing machines of war and siege weapons. One may extrapolate that these were projections of life is sacred, since they were meant to preserve the lives of those who used them. Some  have claimed that Da Vinci deliberately left out crucial steps in his designs so that men with evil intent could not successfully build them. However, one certainty emerges. If Group A uses technology designed to destroy enemy fortifications, disrupt water supplies, sabotage vessels, and rain all manner of hellfire from the sky on Group B, people are going to be killed whether life is sacred or not. Da Vinci was genuinely kind to all living creatures, but he gave human life top billing if its possessor wasnt coarse. How he reconciled his personal beliefs with instruments of destruction makes things even more puzzling (if possible), and we are left with that which Winston Churchill described as a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma. Da Vinci had a habit of occasionally jotting down expenses. In his writings, there are lists of wine, cheese, meat, and so on, totaling x-amount on  such-and-such date. The fact that meat is on the list proves nothing. He had a household to feed; the meat could have been for his apprentices, handyman, cook, random alley cats, or all of the above. On Leonardo Being a Vegan This is in no way an indictment of veganism. However, it is impossible to claim that Leonardo da Vinci was a vegan. Setting aside the fact that the term wasnt even coined until 1944, Da Vinci ate cheese, eggs, and honey, and he drank wine. More than that, all of the grains, fruits, and vegetables he ingested were grown using animal inputs (meaning  manure) for soil fertility. Synthetic fertilizers would not be invented until far into the future, and would not be widely used until the second half of the 20th century. Additionally, we have to consider what he wore and what he used to create art. Leonardo did not have access to polyurethane footwear, for one thing. His brushes were animal products, made from sable or hog hairs attached to quills. He drew on vellum, which is the specially-tanned skin of calves, kids, and lambs. Sepia, a deep reddish-brown pigment, comes from the ink sac of the cuttlefish. Even the simple paint tempera is made with eggs. For all of these reasons, calling Leonardo a vegan or a proto-vegan is untrue. In conclusion Da Vinci may have eaten an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet, although this has been pieced together from circumstantial evidence by a minority of experts. We lack conclusive proof and are unlikely to discover any after 500 years. If you wish to say he was a vegetarian, you are plausibly (although not definitively) correct, depending on your point of view. On the other hand, the speculation that Da Vinci was a vegan is indisputably false. It is a deliberate deception for one to claim otherwise. Sources Bramly, Serge. Leonardo: Discovering the Life of Leonardo da Vinci. Sian Reynolds (Translator), Hardcover, First Edition edition, Harpercollins, November 1, 1991. Clark, Kenneth. Leonardo da Vinci. Martin Kemp, Revised Edition, Paperback, Penguin, August 1, 1989. Corsali, Andrea. Copy of Lettera di Andrea Corsali allo illustrissimo Principe Duca Juliano de Medici, venuta Dellindia del mese di Octobre nel XDXVI. National Library of Australia, 1517. Da Vinci, Leonardo. The Literary Works of Leonardo da Vinci. 2 Volumes, Jean Paul Richter, Hardcover, 3rd Edition, Phaidon, 1970. Martin, Gary. The meaning and origin of the expression: A riddle wrapped up in an enigma. The Phrase Finder, 2019. McCurdy, Edward. The Mind of Leonardo Da Vinci. Dover Fine Art, History of Art, Paperback, Dover Ed edition, Dover Publications, 2005. Merezhkovsky, Dimitri. The Romance of Leonardo da Vinci. Paperback, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, February 9, 2015. Mà ¼ntz, Eugà ¨ne. Leonardo da Vinci, artist, thinker, and man of science. Volume 2, Paperback, University of Michigan Library, January 1, 1898. Vezzosi, Alessandro. Leonardo da Vinci: The Complete Paintings in Detail. Hardcover, Prestel, April 30, 2019.

The World Of The European Union Essay - 1975 Words

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Germany’s historical precedent continue to shape policy decisions regarding the economy, hegemony within the EU, and the refugee crisis. Historical tensions between Germany and other European countries are often re-iterated in Germany’s economic policy. Even though Germany is often referred to as â€Å"Europe’s economic powerhouse† (Veselinovic and Pisa, 1) as the country â€Å"ranks as the world s fourth largest economy, with one of the lowest unemployment rates, and one of the highest literacy rates in the world† (Veselinovic and Pisa, 1), it still faces tangible costs by being a part of theShow MoreRelatedThe World Of The European Union950 Words   |  4 PagesAva Dodge Germany Germany, now one of the most powerful states in the European Union, is most broadly defined as a representative democracy. Citizens vote on the upper legislature, lower legislature, and state representatives, known as the Bundestag, Bundesrat, and Là ¤nder respectively. 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Business Pl Enchanted Vineyard B Bairbed And Breakfast...

Business Plan Enchanted Vineyard BBAirbed and Breakfast(AirBnB) Business Part A Business Profile Business activity The main purpose of opening our business is to rent the five bed rooms house which has newly renovated, to people who are traveling or weekend getaway customers with good pricethrough the https://www.airbnb.co.nz/website, which is very famous in all over the world. The enchanted vineyard Airbed Breakfast is a charming airbed and breakfast (BnB) located in the Matakana, Rodney, Auckland.This can be categorized as one kind of rental house or room service with breakfast as well as hospitality industry. Product/Services We offer what we have, renting rooms or whole house trough Airbnb website. We can make different concept and different services offering not just the accommodation, but also breakfast and the possibility to have a really nice and unique experience, working for a day or more, in our vineyard.6.000.000 guests are searching online from 190 different countries. New Zealand is one of the famous country for traveler. Degree of Innovation AirBnB is a project initiated to get the money lent out an extra room. And it was spread by the house poor around the world.In addition, travelers from around the world liked AirBnB with variety of experiences which cannot give when they staying at hotels. Whenever customer wanted to find something special for their travel, it should be a good chance to make an idea with different concept for AirBnB business. We

Business Process Management (Bpm) Essay Example For Students

Business Process Management (Bpm) Essay QCHP Lecture: Business Process Management (BPM) Business Process Management (BPM) is a management approach focused on aligning all aspects of an organization with the wants and needs of clients. It is a holistic management approach that promotes business effectiveness and efficiency while striving for innovation, flexibility, and integration with technology. Business process management attempts to improve processes continuously. It could therefore be described as a process optimization process. It is argued that BPM enables organizations to be more efficient, more effective and more capable of change than a functionally focused, traditional hierarchical management approach. A business process is a series or network of value-added activities, performed by their relevant roles or collaborators, to purposefully achieve the common business goal. These processes are critical to any organization as they generate revenue and often represent a significant proportion of costs. As a managerial approach, (BPM) considers processes to be strategic assets of an organization that must be understood, managed, and improved to deliver value added products and services to clients. This foundation is very similar to other Total Quality Management or Continuous Improvement Process methodologies or approaches. BPM goes a step further by stating that this approach can be supported, or enabled, through technology to ensure the viability of the managerial approach in times of stress and change. In fact, BPM is an approach to integrate a change capability to an organization both human and technological. As such, many BPM articles and pundits often discuss BPM from one of two viewpoints: people and/or technology. Roughly speaking, the idea of (business) process is as traditional as concepts of tasks, department, production, outputs. The current management and improvement approach, with formal definitions and technical modeling, has been around since the early 1990s (see business process modeling). Note that in the IT community, the term business process is often used as synonymous of management of middleware processes; or integrating application software tasks. This viewpoint may be overly restrictive. This should be kept in mind when reading software engineering papers that refer to business processes or business process modeling. Although the initial focus of BPM was on the automation of business processes with the use of information technology, it has since been extended to integrate human-driven processes in which human interaction takes place in series or parallel with the use of technology. For example (in workflow systems), when individual steps in the business process require human intuition or judgment to be performed, these steps are assigned to appropriate members within the organization. More advanced forms such as human interaction management are in the complex interaction between human workers in performing a workgroup task. In this case, many people and systems interact in structured, ad-hoc, and sometimes completely dynamic ways to complete one to many transactions. BPM can be used to understand organizations through expanded views that would not otherwise be available to organize and present. These views include the relationships of processes to each other which, when included in the process model, provide for advanced reporting and analysis that would not otherwise be available. BPM is regarded by some as the backbone of enterprise content management. Because BPM allows organizations to abstract business process from technology infrastructure, it goes far beyond automating business processes (software) or solving business problems (suite). BPM enables business to respond to changing consumer, market, and regulatory demands faster than competitors creating competitive advantage. Most recently, technology has allowed the coupling of BPM to other methodologies, such as Six Sigma. BPM tools now allow the user to: †¢ Define baseline the process or the process improvement †¢ Measure Simulate the change to the process. †¢ Analyze Compare the various simulations to determine an optimal improvement †¢ Improve Select and implement the improvement †¢ Control Deploy this implementation and by use of User defined dashboards monitor the improvement in real time and feed the performance information back into the simulation model in preparation for the next improvement iteration. This brings with it the benefit of being able to simulate changes to your business process based on real life data (not assumed knowledge). Also, the coupling of BPM to industry methodologies allows users to continually streamline and optimize the process to ensure that it is tuned to its market need. BPM life-cycle Business process management activities can be grouped into five categories: design, modeling, execution, monitoring, and optimization. A business process is a series or network of value-added activities, performed by their relevant roles or collaborators, to purposefully achieve the common business goal. These processes are critical to any organization as they generate revenue and often represent a significant proportion of costs. As a managerial approach, (BPM) considers processes to be strategic assets of an organization that must be understood, managed, and improved to deliver value added products and services to clients. This foundation is very similar to other Total Quality Management or Continuous Improvement Process methodologies or approaches. BPM goes a step further by stating that this approach can be supported, or enabled, through technology to ensure the viability of the managerial approach in times of stress and change. In fact, BPM is an approach to integrate a change capability to an organization both human and technological. As such, many BPM articles and pundits often discuss BPM from one of two viewpoints: people and/or technology. Roughly speaking, the idea of (business) process is as traditional as concepts of tasks, department, production, outputs. The current management and improvement approach, with formal definitions and technical modeling, has been around since the early 1990s (see business process modeling). The Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass: T EssayIn addition, this information can be used to work with customers and suppliers to improve their connected processes. Examples of the statistics are the generation of measures on how quickly a customer order is processed or how many orders were processed in the last month. These measures tend to fit into three categories: cycle time, defect rate and productivity. The degree of monitoring depends on what information the business wants to evaluate and analyze and how business wants it to be monitored, in real-time, near real-time or ad-hoc. Here, business activity monitoring (BAM) extends and expands the monitoring tools in generally provided by BPMS. Process mining is a collection of methods and tools related to process monitoring. The aim of process mining is to analyze event logs extracted through process monitoring and to compare them with an a priori process model. Process mining allows process analysts to detect discrepancies between the actual process execution and the a priori model as well as to analyze bottlenecks. 5. Optimization. This includes retrieving process performance information from modeling or monitoring phase; identifying the potential or actual bottlenecks and the potential opportunities for cost savings or other improvements; and then, applying those enhancements in the design of the process. Overall, this creates greater business value. Practice Example of Business Process Management (BPM) Service Pattern: This pattern shows how business process management (BPM) tools can be used to implement business processes through the orchestration of activities between people and systems. 4] Whilst the steps can be viewed as a cycle, economic or time constraints are likely to limit the process to only a few iterations. This is often the case when an organization uses the approach for short to medium term objectives rather than trying to transform the organizational culture. True iterations are only possible through the collaborative efforts of process participants. In a majority of organizations, complexit y will require enabling technology (see below) to support the process participants in these daily process management challenges. To date, many organizations often start a BPM project or program with the objective to optimize an area that has been identified as an area for improvement. In financial sector, BPM is critical to make sure the system delivers a quality service while maintaining regulatory compliance. Currently, the international standards for the task have only limited to the application for IT sectors and ISO/IEC 15944 covers the operational aspects of the business. However, some corporations with the culture of best practices do use standard operating procedures to regulate their operational process. 6] Other standards are currently being worked upon to assist in BPM implementation (BPMN, Enterprise Architecture, Business Motivation Model). BPM technology Some define the BPM System or Suite (BPMS) as the whole of BPM. Others will relate the important concept of information moving between enterprise software packages and immediately think of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). Still others limit the definition to modeling to create the ‘perfect’ process, (see Business modeling). These are partial answers and the technological offerings continue to evolve. The BPMS term may not survive. Today it encompasses the concept of supporting the managerial approach through enabling technology. The BPMS should enable all stakeholders to have a firm understanding of an organization and its performance. The BPMS should facilitate business process change throughout the life cycle stated above. This will assist in the automation of activities, collaboration, integration with other systems, integrating partners through the value chain, etc. For instance, the size and complexity of daily tasks often requires the use of technology to model efficiently. These models facilitate automation and solutions to business problems. These models can also become executable to assist in monitoring and controlling business processes. As such, some people view BPM as the bridge between Information Technology (IT) and Business. In fact, an argument can be made that this holistic approach bridges organizational and technological silos. There are four critical components of a BPM Suite: †¢ Process Engine – a robust platform for modeling and executing process-based applications, including business rules †¢ Business Analytics — enable managers to identify business issues, trends, and opportunities with reports and dashboards and react accordingly †¢ Content Management — provides a system for storing and securing electronic documents, images, and other files †¢ Collaboration Tools — remove intra- and interdepartmental communication barriers through discussion forums, dynamic workspaces, and message boards BPM also addresses many of the critical IT issues underpinning these business drivers, including: †¢ Managing end-to-end, customer-facing processes Consolidating data and increasing visibility into and access to associated data and information †¢ Increasing the flexibility and functionality of current infrastructure and data †¢ Integrating with existing systems and leveraging emerging service oriented architecture (SOAs) †¢ Establishing a common language for business-IT alignment Validation of BPMS is another technical issue that vendors and use rs need to be aware of, if regulatory compliance is mandatory. The validation task could be performed either by an authenticated third party or by the users themselves. Either way, validation documentation will need to be generated. The validation document usually can either be published officially or retained by users.

RITI DI PASSAGGIO E IL GRUPPO DEI PARI Essays -

RITI DI PASSAGGIO E IL GRUPPO DEI PARI Il grande protagonista dei riti d'inizio dell'adolescenza e il gruppo dei pari. - Distinguersi dai genitori La famiglia, pur cosi importante, non e il tutto del vita, e necessario imparare ad avere relazioni diverse da quelli che s'instaurano con i genitori. Presto i figli iniziano a porsi il problema non solo di comportarsi bene con papa e mamma ma anche, di essere accettati fuori della propria famiglia, di appartenere ad una comunita piu ampia di quella di casa propria. Nella prima adolescenza questo apprendimento avviene in primo luogo nella frequentazione dei pari. Infatti i momenti come il primo bacio, i primi approcci affettivi, la travolgente e travagliata passione adolescente, sono celebrate prevalentemente nel gruppo dei pari. Negli amici dei figli i genitori devono individuare qualcosa di "sacro", per questo non devono mai criticarli. -Identificarsi nella frequentazione Sentirsi appartenere ad un gruppo e un'esperienza fondamentale per lasciare le sicurezze familiari e affrontare l'inserimento in una societa complessa, vasta e competitiva. Il gruppo costituisce un'opportuna area di passaggio, un mondo interpersonale, vicino, vivibile, pari e fraterno, che bene si presta a "sostituire" la famiglia. L'intensita della relazione familiare e riversata sul gruppo. I riti popolari d'inizio rendevano il passaggio piu semplice, abbreviavano la fatica ed il dolore, risolvevano piu facilmente il compito della ricerca dell'identita. - Divertirsi Non si e automaticamente accettati in una compagnia; occorre esibire alcune competenze personali per esserne ammessi: la simpatia, la disponibilita al divertimento, la sincerita, il rispetto della parola data, la fedelta al gruppo. Decisamente meno importanti sono gli altri moventi dell'aggregazione, come i generi musicali, o anche le mode e i luoghi dell'incontro. Il primo e vero divertimento degli adolescenti e sentirsi bene come persona in mezzo a chi lo riconosce come persone (libere, autonome, singole, originali)